CSD is transmitted when a cat carrying the infection: The following animals are at the highest risk of carrying the infection: Its important to know that CSD is most common in children. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help (See also Overview and Evaluation of Hand Disorders Overview and Evaluation of Hand Disorders Common hand disorders include a variety of deformities, ganglia, infections, Kienbck disease, nerve compression syndromes, noninfectious tenosynovitis, and osteoarthritis. Sources: Babovic N, Carlsen BT, Cayci C. Cat Bite Infections of the Hand: Assessment of Morbidity and Predictors of Severe Infection. BP was 120/78 mm Hg, pulse 98 beats per minute, pulse oxygenation 97%, temperature 98.8F, and weight 290 lbs. Cats, like many other mammals, can carry rabies. Prescribing an antibiotic prophylactically has shown to reduce the rate of infection from cat bites. He described severe nonradiating pain to his right hand and second digit unrelieved by Vicodin or Naprosyn. Therefore, its important to get an infection from a cat bite treated. When the bite is on the hand (and other research has shown that up to 85 percent of cat bites occur on the hand or wrist), the puncture may easily pierce a joint or the membrane sheath. It may be painful or tender when touched or pressed. "Dogs' teeth are blunter, so they don't tend to penetrate as deeply and they tend to leave a larger wound after they bite," study senior author Dr. Brian Carlsen, a Mayo Clinic plastic surgeon and orthopedic hand surgeon, said in a clinic news release. Yet most animal bites are avoidable: Understanding how to interact with animals, and staying aware of any signals of aggression or fear, are both critically important. Ingrid King is an award-winning author, former veterinary hospital manager, and veterinary journalist who is passionate about cats. Its not something you want to take any chances with. Dr. Philip Schwarzman answered. Two thirds of those hospitalized during the study required surgery to flush out the infection in the wounds and middle-aged women were the most common bite victims. Tendon necrosis and rupture; Hand dysfunction; Amputation; Systemic infection ~75% of cases are associated with antecedent injury. In severe cases, surgery may be . He graduated magna cum laude with a degree in biological sciences fromCornell University. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Read More, The Conscious Cat Product Guide features all of the best products for cats and cat lovers. When the injury has occurred, wash the wound with soap and then apply antiseptics. Issues related to infectious tenosynovitis will be reviewed here. "They can be very serious. But bewareyour cat can make you sick. The average of the participants was 49 years old, and 69 percent were women. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Of those, 57 were hospitalized; on average, they were in the hospital three days. 20 The trial was terminated because of high rates of infection with wound care alone (47%). Cat bites are typically puncture wounds that penetrate deeply into the skin and underlying tissues [2] with infection rates of up to 50% [4]. The average length of stay for these patients was 3.2 days. Before A recent Mayo Clinic study shows that one out of three people who sought treatment for a cat bite to the hand were hospitalized. Common pathogens include Pasteurella species, Staphylococcus aureus, streptococci, anaerobes, Capnocytophaga, Moraxella, Corynebacterium, and Neisseria. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Some people need surgery, though. Disclaimer. A small puncture wound, particularly from a human or cat bite, may involve significant injury to the tendon, joint capsule, or articular cartilage. Mr. H was unable to perform full flexion of the second digit. Discomfort. Does the amount of Vitamin D you have affect your odds of getting multiple sclerosis? The pain almost drove me up the . "When my grandkids come over I don't let him around them, because things happen.". Although cats have no more germs in their mouths than dogs or people, researchers at the Mayo Clinic found that when cats bite, their sharp teeth can inject hard-to-treat bacteria deeply into the skin and joints, increasing the risk for serious infection. What to do? Uphold CR, Graham MV. Puncture wounds tend to heal quickly, but a very deep bite can leave a scar. Serious complications include infectious arthritis Acute Infectious Arthritis Acute infectious (septic) arthritis is a joint infection that evolves over hours or days. But remember, if you are bitten, prompt medical care is required to prevent serious, even long-term complications from a cat bite infection. Dog and cat bites to the hand: treatment and cost assessment. A three-year Mayo Clinic study of nearly 200 cases between 2009-2011 found that one third of patients suffering from cat bite infections were hospitalized and two-thirds of those patients required surgery. This is particularly true when patients develop inflamed skin and swelling. The site is secure. (2016). To assess the overall morbidity of cat bites to the hand and identify risk factors for hospitalization after such an injury. left hand was severely bitten by a cat that animal control brought in. Published by: Ingrid King. Tenosynovitis refers to inflammation of a tendon and its synovial sheath; this condition occurs most frequently in the hand and wrist but can occur in any part of the extremities where a tendon glides within a synovial-lined fibro-osseous sheath. There was full range of motion in the right wrist and all other digits of the right hand. Risk factors associated with hospitalization included smoking, immunocompromised state, and location of bite over a joint or tendon sheath. A cat bite is quite common and should always be treated by a doctor. You need to remove the . If you have some antibiotic cream such as neosporin, apply it. Skin infections, known as cellulitis, can occur quickly after a bite. One of the more common is a highly pathogenic bacterium, Pasteurella multocida. Last medically reviewed on March 22, 2021. However, more severe reactions can occur, and rashes can develop. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Mr. H. was then sent for immediate orthopedic surgical evaluation. Pasteurella species was isolated from 35% of infected wounds. This is a combination of a skin disorder (psoriasis) and . Mr. Hs medical history included hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and tobacco abuse. Bliss 101 Registered User regular. If the bite or scratch hasn't penetrated the skin, the chance of infection is minimal. any link with venom from cat bite affecting central nervous system? An official website of the United States government. Dog or cat bites to the hands are the most severe injuries, often requiring surgical intervention and hospitalization.1 Infectious complications occur in approximately 50% of cat bites whereas with dog bites, the overall estimated infection rate is 2% to 20%. While some cat bites may heal without causing infection, it is recommended that you seek medical attention for all cat bites. Delayed presentation of infected cat bites increased the likelihood of more complicated surgeries such as amputation. Tendon rupture: When a tendon separates from the tissue, in part or completely, it is supposed to be attached to, a tendon rupture occurs. For an infection to set in, bacteria need time to get settled and multiply in your body which is why there is a delay between a bite and any infection symptoms. She said what followed was eight weeks in and out of the hospital, two weeks of surgery every other day to flush the infection out of the wound and remove infected tissue, and antibiotics to treat the rampant infection. Enechukwu AOM, Bucher F, Dastagir K, Jokuszies A, Vogt PM, Knneker S. Ann Med Surg (Lond). It can be caused by overuse and repetitive movements like texting, playing video games, or writing. Be sure to stay calm if you are bitten by a cat. Though house cats are often vaccinated against the most serious diseases, like rabies, stray cats arent usually vaccinated and can carry several diseases. SUNDAY, Feb. 9, 2014 (HealthDay News) -- Cat bites may look less serious than dog bites, but beware: They can cause dangerous infections, particularly when they involve the hand, new research indicates. You may need to be on antibiotics so get medical care. Cat bite: an injury not to underestimate. . Bites that appear at first to be minor can ultimately end up requiring serious medical attention, with outcomes far worse than an apparently more damaging dog bite. Wrist Tendonitis; DeQuervain's Tendonitis; Carpal Boss; Wrist Fractures; Distal Radius Fracture of the Wrist; Scaphoid Fractures of the wrist . The most common symptoms of infection from a cat bite include: More serious symptoms of a cat bite infection include: You should also seek medical treatment as soon as possible if you start to experience these more serious symptoms. and In the Mayo Clinic study, eight of the 193 patients surveyed required more than one operation, and some had to have reconstructive surgery. Wound cultures were significant for Pasteurella multocida. A cat bite on the hand can turn into a hospital stay, according to a new study. He described a nonradiating pain in the tip of the second digit with limited flexion. Check for signs such as bruising, punctured skin, bleeding, and objects stuck in the wound. At six-weeks postoperative, Mr. H had full range of motion and increased strength in the right hand. One study in the New England Journal of Medicine estimated that 63% of cat bites were on the patients hands, followed by the arm with 23% of bites. Carlsen said the study showed the hand and wrist are the perfect breeding ground for bacteria, making outpatient antibiotic treatment hard. Data included patient demographics, anatomical site of injury, microbiology results, method of treatment and surgical outcome. In the case of dogs and cats, thats not always the case. The family cat lunged at him and bit and scratched his hand. The subjects were 18 females and two males aged 27-86 years (mean age of 58 years). Cureus is on a mission to change the long-standing paradigm of medical publishing, where submitting research can be costly, complex and time-consuming. Type of study/level of evidence: Noninfected bite wounds may require surgical debridement and prophylaxis with 50% of the dose of antibiotic used to treat infected wounds. Bula-Rudas FJ, et al. When you buy via links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission at no cost to you. 2. Use OR to account for alternate terms eCollection 2022 Jan-Mar. There is a remarkable amount of research around cat bites. Use for phrases Osteomyelitis following domestic animal bites to the hand: Two case reports and practical guidelines. Roughly 400,000 cat bites occur in the United States each year. . If you suspect youve been bitten by a bat, its important to seek medical attention as soon as, Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. Signs and Symptoms Signs that your bite may be infected include: Swelling Redness Warmth Continued pain beyond 24 hours Drainage from the wound Signs that your infection may be spreading include: Red streaks up the arm or forearm Swollen glands around the elbow or in the armpit Fever Tiredness Night sweats Shakes These findings should increase concern for a severe infection and warrant hospitalization and urgent consultation with a hand surgeon. (2014). Learn more about rabies in humans here. . They are most often located on the upper extremities and are almost always accompanied by scratches [2-4]. Discharge instructions and wound-care handouts were provided. [Hyatt, 2017] PFT is a clinical diagnosis!! But if an unvaccinated cat has bitten you, you must take the bite seriously. eCollection 2021 Sep. Malizos KN, Papadopoulou ZK, Ziogkou AN, Rigopoulos N, Athanaselis ED, Varitimidis SE, Dailiana ZC. Giant Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheath in Guyon's Canal Causing Ulnar Tunnel Syndrome . It has to pierce deep enough to get into the muscle where there is a good amount of blood flow. The infection resides in synovial or periarticular tissues and is usually bacterialin younger adults read more and osteomyelitis Osteomyelitis Osteomyelitis is inflammation and destruction of bone caused by bacteria, mycobacteria, or fungi. Of these, 78% (n = 7) underwent multiple operations secondary to septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, necrotising fasciitis and deep collection. Cats bite for a variety of reasons. J Hand Surg Am. Wrist Tendonitis; DeQuervain's Tendonitis; Carpal Boss; Wrist Fractures; Distal Radius Fracture of the Wrist; Scaphoid Fractures of the wrist; Elbow. 2021 Sep 9;9(9):e3778. Conclusions: Cat bite injuries to the hand can progress to serious infection. Dog bites take about twice as long to set in. There are a few people, that develop severe allergic reactions to flea bites and can get irritated by a single bite. Rapidly Progressive Infection of Hand After a Cat Bite. Meanwhile, 80 percent of the patients were initially prescribed oral antibiotics, the researchers said. Fever that lasts for several days after a cat scratch or bite. J Plast Surg Hand Surg. While five- to nine-year-old males are the. Avoiding the Danger of a Cat Bite Infection. Use to remove results with certain terms National Library of Medicine "Every time they would stitch me up after flushing the wound the infection would just get worse. Its really just a function of their slender, sharp fangs. If you have been bitten by a cat, seeyour doctor or visit anurgent care facility. Of the hospitalized patients, 67% (n = 38) underwent irrigation and debridement, with 8 patients requiring more than 1 operation. Twenty cases of cat bites to the hand and wrist were retrospectively reviewed between 2014 and 2018. The bacteria injected by a cat bite can include a strain common in animals and particularly hard to fight with antibiotics, he says. Keywords: Hand or wrist infection; cat bites; delayed treatment; diabetic finger; finger amputation; public awareness. Animal bites on your hand and fingers are common, especially from pets like dogs and cats. Frost Bite most commonly injures your ears and nose. Copyright 2023 Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA and its affiliates. "Cats' teeth are sharp and can penetrate very deeply. Cat bite infections of the hand: assessment of morbidity and predictors of severe infection. Introduction. 4th ed., Gainesville Fla.: Barmarrae Books; 2003. In cat bite wounds, they are followed by Streptococci, Staphylococci, Neisseria and Moraxella spp. Cat bites are more frequent in the mornings, in the summer, and in spring [4]. Accessibility Brandon P. Donnelly, MD is not liable or responsible for any advice, course of treatment, diagnosis or any other information, services or product you obtain through this site. Bleeding may help flush out any bacteria that may have gotten into the wound. Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water and cover with a sterile bandage. Deep puncture wounds from animal bites become morbid if not promptly tended and closely followed. Ms. Henderson is a family nurse practitioner at Wheaton Franciscan HealthcareAll Saints in Racine, Wisc. I now fear joint or bone or tendon . A doctor may give you a tetanus vaccine booster if you havent had a tetanus vaccine in the last 5 years. Dry the bite first, to help the Band Aid stick. Privacy Policy The most common cause of human bites is a tooth-induced injury to the metacarpophalangeal joint as a result of a punch to the mouth (clenched fist injury). Immediately wash the wound under running water. Mr. H was discharged the next day and told to return to the infusion center every day for the next two weeks for IV Rocephin. Cat and dog bites. He said people tend to ignore cat bites because they are so small, but they can lead to a laundry list of medical treatments. According to a 2018 research review, infection occurs in about 50 percent of cat bites in children. When you think about being bitten by an animal, smaller is better, right? Carlsen said the lesson is that people need to be careful of cat bites and monitor them for swelling and redness. This includes bites that: [8] Are on the face Mr. H was diagnosed with a septic joint, scheduled for incision and drainage, and admitted to the hospital overnight for observation. Epidemiology It's the worst animal in the UK to be bitten by. Emergency Medicine 46 years experience. Bothun said she still feels pain in her wrist and does not have full movement. Mr. Hs right-hand wounds were cleansed with antibacterial soap, betadine wash, and sterile water rinse. While cat bites look a lot smaller than dog bites, cat bites have certain features that make them more dangerous. "The infection from the cat bite reached my tendon," Bothun said. Practical Review of the Management of Animal Bites. Review: The Cat in the Window And Other Stories of the Cats We Love. If the wound is deep, if you see signs of infection as listed above, or if you have any other reason for concern, be sure to see your doctor. Educating the patient about the importance of early management and immediate follow-up can reduce the risk of adverse sequelae and the potential costs of hospitalization and post-bite management. Cat bite victims sometimes must have their wounds surgically irrigated or even have infected tissue removed, a procedure called debridement. The list above outlines the symptoms of an infected bite. Some states allow this quarantine to be done in the cats home, others require that it will be carried out in an approved animal control facility. We've visualized two studie We've visualized the results of a new clinical trial that compared butter, cocon How long does COVID-19 live on Plastic? Eight out of ten cat bites will become infected, experts warn, as moggies inject bacteria into the tissue when they sink their teeth into their victims, causing blood poisoning. It can happen even with the most loving, docile cat: an overexcited cat nips her guardian while playing, or accidentally bites her guardians finger while accepting a treat.
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